One of WDC's licensees has been running a 6502 core in a custom IC at over 200MHz for quite a few years.
That's great! Where can we buy it??
I don't know, but it's a custom IC that probably does a process that's not much good to you and me unless we have a use for the product it's in.
I do wish there were a nice line of 65xx microcontrollers. There's the 65134 and 65265, but you can't program their on-board ROM yourself (it's mask-programmed), and using external memory uses up a lot of the pins that would otherwise have been I/O.
Perhaps some of the Winbond offerings in the past used them at elevated clock rates? I can't find contemporary data sheets anymore (it looks like Winbond now only offers memory products), but I know that they offered integrated 65816 cores on a game chip complete with video and joystick interfaces.
I know Franklin still uses 6502/65816 processor cores, but I don't think they're running at hundreds of MHz. They primarily use them for their low-powered desk accessory products.