The PCB I created (and ordered from China) worked mostly. Here are both cards combined showing text output
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IMG_2280_text.jpg [ 3.22 MiB | Viewed 295 times ]
and here doing graphics
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IMG_2279_graphic.jpg [ 2.64 MiB | Viewed 295 times ]
There are 2 problems still. Column 0 of the text output is not 100% correct, some timings seem to be off. Far worse is an issue caused by the 4 Y address lines connecting the 2 boards. If they are directly connected via short pin headers the output goes black. If I connect them via 40cm wires as shown in the pictures it's working. Either reflections, or timings, or cross-talk is causing an issue here.
Still as "proof of concept" this worked out. But I probably would not repeat this exercise and instead use one or more CPLDs or even a FPGA for my next iteration. There are simply too many chips in this "bug cemetery"